![]() According to this new definition, ARDS is an acute form of diffuse lung injury that happens in patients with predisposing factors, with: In 1994 there was the first shared definition, and then, in 2001, an update known as “Berlin definition” was made by an expert panel of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. ARDS can be generally defined as a new acute onset of hypoxemia and bilateral opacities after an insult direct or indirect to the lungs. ![]() Nowadays almost 5% of hospitalized and mechanically ventilated patients present ARDS diagnostic criteria. Since that many and more accurate definitions followed. The first of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) description was in 1821 by Laennec. Rescue techniques, such as permissive hypercapnia, prone positioning, neuromuscular blockade, inhaled vasodilators, corticosteroids, recruitment maneuvers and extracorporeal life support, will also be reviewed.įinally, the chapter will deal with the mechanical ventilation weaning process with particular emphasis on extrapulmonary factors such as neurologic, diaphragmatic or cardiovascular alterations which can lead to weaning failure. Therefore will be described several therapeutic approaches to ARDS, including noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC) and invasive ventilation with particular emphasis to risks and benefits of mechanical ventilation, PEEP optimization and lung protective ventilation strategies. ![]() In the present chapter, the diagnostic workup of the syndrome will be presented with particular attention to microbiological investigations which represent a milestone in the diagnostic process and to imaging techniques such as CT scan and lung ultrasound.ĭespite the treatment is mainly based on supportive strategies, attention should be applied to assure adequate respiratory gas exchange while minimizing the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) onset. Its first description was in 1970s, and then several shared definitions tried to describe this clinical entity the last one, known as Berlin definition, brought an improvement in predictive ability for mortality. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a new acute onset of hypoxemia secondary to a pulmonary edema of non-cardiogenic origin, bilateral lung opacities and reduction in respiratory system compliance after an insult direct or indirect to lungs.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |